‍Vascular cognitive impairment refers to a syndrome that can be caused by various cardiovascular diseases that affect blood supply to the brain. VCI is synonymous with "vascular dementia", a term that is used less often today, because symptoms may not always progress to loss of overall independence.

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The most common vascular disease that leads to VCI is Small-vessel Ischemic Disease. Smaller arteries that penetrate the brain thicken and narrow, affecting the brain’s “white matter” - essentially its wiring and connections, which leads to loss of processing speed and executive function.

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This can result in symptoms such as

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• Difficulties in initiating, organizing, and planning or managing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors crucial for success in everyday life.
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• Tiny strokes deep in the brain may further contribute to these challenges.
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• Apathy, loss of balance, gait instability, and bladder control may arise.

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Treatment approaches

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The burden of vascular damage to the brain throughout life can increase the chance of developing cognitive symptoms and impairments. Prevention is most important and includes:  
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• Monitoring through annual wellness medical visits beginning at midlife. Providers can screen for and manage risk factors for vascular diseases, which include diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and obesity.    
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• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with adequate exercise, proper nutrition, tobacco cessation, and quality sleep.
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• Addressing related depression, which may influence both antidepressant and blood pressure medication choices.
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• Alzheimer's medications might be considered "off-label," though results vary significantly.

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If you've noticed changes in thinking abilities, especially following stroke or with known vascular risk factors, specialized evaluation is crucial.

Learn more about the other memory disorders we treat at Neura Health.

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Neura Health's memory specialists are ready to help you or a loved one with any of these issues, and offer video appointments within just one week, on average. These short wait times mean more opportunities for early intervention. Book a video visit today!

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