‍Vascular cognitive impairment refers to a syndrome that can be caused by various cardiovascular diseases that affect blood supply to the brain. VCI is synonymous with "vascular dementia", a term that is used less often today, because symptoms may not always progress to loss of overall independence.

The most common vascular disease that leads to VCI is Small-vessel Ischemic Disease. Smaller arteries that penetrate the brain thicken and narrow, affecting the brain’s “white matter” - essentially its wiring and connections, which leads to loss of processing speed and executive function.

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This can result in symptoms such as

• Difficulties in initiating, organizing, and planning or managing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors crucial for success in everyday life.
• Tiny strokes deep in the brain may further contribute to these challenges.
• Apathy, loss of balance, gait instability, and bladder control may arise.

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Treatment approaches

The burden of vascular damage to the brain throughout life can increase the chance of developing cognitive symptoms and impairments. Prevention is most important and includes:  

• Monitoring through annual wellness medical visits beginning at midlife. Providers can screen for and manage risk factors for vascular diseases, which include diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and obesity.    
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with adequate exercise, proper nutrition, tobacco cessation, and quality sleep.
• Addressing related depression, which may influence both antidepressant and blood pressure medication choices.
• Alzheimer's medications might be considered "off-label," though results vary significantly.

If you've noticed changes in thinking abilities, especially following stroke or with known vascular risk factors, specialized evaluation is crucial.

Learn more about the other memory disorders we treat at Neura Health.

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Neura Health's memory specialists are ready to help you or a loved one with any of these issues, and offer video appointments within just one week, on average. These short wait times mean more opportunities for early intervention. Book a video visit today!

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