While acute COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, its long-term impact can extend to other vital organs, including the brain. Recent research has highlighted a concerning link between COVID-19 infection and an increased risk of stroke, particularly among younger individuals. 

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One study published in JAMA in April 2021 found that the risk of stroke was more than twice as high for COVID-19 patients when compared to people of the same age, sex, and ethnicity in the general population—82.6 cases per 100,000 people compared to 38.2 cases for those without a COVID-19 diagnosis (University of Utah).

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Further, beyond the first 30 days after infection, individuals with COVID-19 are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease spanning several categories, including cerebrovascular disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure, and thromboembolic disease.

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Data and Risk Factors:

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Studies have shown:

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• Increased Stroke Risk: Compared to individuals without COVID-19, those who contract the virus have a significantly higher risk of stroke. ‍
• Younger Age Not Protective: While often thought of as a condition affecting older adults, stroke risk associated with COVID-19 is not limited to them. Research from the University of Utah indicates an increased stroke risk in all age groups following COVID-19 infection.

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Why Does This Happen?

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The exact mechanisms are still under investigation, but several theories suggest how COVID-19 might lead to stroke:

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• Inflammation: COVID-19 triggers a strong inflammatory response throughout the body. This inflammation can destabilize fatty plaques in blood vessels, increasing the risk of rupture and blood clot formation, potentially leading to stroke.
• Blood Clotting Abnormalities: The virus can directly impact the blood clotting process, making it more likely for clots to form and block blood flow to the brain.‍
• Endothelial Damage: COVID-19 may damage the inner lining of blood vessels (endothelium), further promoting clot formation and stroke risk.

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Who is Most at Risk?

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While anyone who has had COVID-19 faces an elevated stroke risk, certain individuals are considered particularly vulnerable:

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• Those with pre-existing conditions: People with underlying health conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or high cholesterol may a higher baseline risk of stroke, and COVID-19 further amplifies this risk.
• Severe COVID-19 cases: Individuals who experience severe COVID-19 illness requiring hospitalization are more likely to develop complications like stroke.

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How Long Does the Risk Last?

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Research suggests that the increased stroke risk associated with COVID-19 may persist for up to a year following infection. This highlights the importance of continued vigilance even after recovery from the initial illness.

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Reducing Stroke Risk After COVID-19:

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If you have contracted COVID-19, here are ways to mitigate your stroke risk:

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• Manage pre-existing conditions: Optimally control any underlying health problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol through medication, lifestyle changes, and regular checkups with your doctor.
• Healthy lifestyle: Maintain lifestyle measures that include a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. These habits promote overall cardiovascular health and reduce stroke risk.
• Seek medical attention promptly: If you experience any stroke symptoms like sudden weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking after recovering from COVID-19, seek immediate medical attention.

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Continued COVID Precautions Remain Crucial:

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While the full picture of the COVID-19 and stroke link is still emerging, the evidence may demonstrate an increased risk. This underscores the importance of continuing to take precautions against COVID-19, including vaccination and masking, to minimize the overall risk of stroke and other complications.

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Remember, protecting yourself from COVID-19 is not just about preventing acute respiratory illness; it's also about safeguarding your long-term brain health and reducing your stroke risk.

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If you are looking for a team to help you manage your post-COVID neurological symptoms or stroke prevention, schedule an appointment with one of our neurology providers.

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